Symptoms of eczema include:

• Itchiness
• Dry, red, irritated skin
• Inflamed, discoloured skin
• Rough, scaly, thickened patches of skin
• Small bumps that ooze fluid (papules)
• Swelling
• General discomfort and irritation [1]

The cause of eczema hasn’t been determined, however current research suggests it to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Many people with eczema also have other allergic conditions, like asthma and hay fever. [1]

Common irritants that can trigger or worsen eczema include [1]: 

• Having dry skin
• Scratching the areas of the body affected 
• Bacterial and viral infections
• Emotional stress
• Pets, animal dander, or house dust mites
• Allergens that you can breathe in, like pollen
• Smoke from cigarettes or a fireplace
• Some fabrics, carpets, and bedlinens, especially woollen or synthetic
• Some body products, like soaps, handwash, shampoos, moisturisers etc.
• Household cleaning products and chemicals
• Artificial colours and preservatives in foods
• Perfumes, candles, and other fragranced items
• Exposure to weather conditions
• Sweating or exercise
• Hormonal changes

Despite having no cure, eczema can be managed with a treatment plan that helps to control, improve, and prevent flare ups. Depending on the severity of symptoms, your clinician may prescribe a treatment plan including oral medications, topical creams, therapies, and lifestyle changes. [2]

People living with eczema can also proactively manage symptoms by:

• Maintaining and protecting the skin’s moisture every day by bathing and moisturising (even when you don’t have an active rash)
• Avoiding known triggers and irritants
• Treating flare ups immediately when they appear
• Controlling and resisting the urge to itch
• Staying alert for signs of infection